This book aims to demonstrate how the Italian nationalist ideas were a catalyst to the creation of national unity and freedom to the Turkish people, prompting a drive for freedom that originated from the élite and moved to the masses in a top-down manner. The conspiracy ideas particularly of Giuseppe Mazzini, one of the greatest figures in the Italian national struggle, gave strong impetus to the birth of the pre-republican Young Turks. Giuseppe Garibaldi permanence in Turkey, his contacts with the Italian