Accessing and discussing the underground world beneath İstanbul is truly an ambitious enterprise. Suprisingly few archaelogical excavations have taken place for various reasons and most of the serious work conducted by scientists devoted to the issue of İstanbul's subterranean features has been left incomplete. Archeologists, eho found the acquisition of sponsorship easy for excavations and research conducted on the historical sites of the Hittites, Urartus, Sumerians, and Lycians, appear to have faced grea