Germaine de Stael's Corinne, Or Italy was published in French in 1807 and was quickly translated into English. It became a touchstone for nineteenth-century conceptions of women's creativity and the life of the woman writer, as well as an important formulation of analogies between models of artistic creation and political systems. The novel's portrayal of Italian improvisers also helped produce the modern usage of "improvisation" and related terms in English.